Understanding Clavicular Fractures: A Comprehensive Guide

A clavicular fracture, commonly known as a broken collarbone, is a surprisingly common injury, accounting for approximately 5% of all adult fractures. While often associated with high-impact trauma, clavicular fractures can occur in a variety of situations, from sports injuries to simple falls. This guide provides a detailed overview of clavicular fractures, covering causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery.

What Causes a Clavicular Fracture?

The clavicle, or collarbone, is a long, slender bone that connects the shoulder to the breastbone. Its relatively exposed location makes it vulnerable to fractures. Common causes include:

• Falls: Especially falls onto an outstretched arm or directly onto the shoulder.
• Direct Blows: Impacts to the shoulder during contact sports (football, hockey, rugby) or accidents.
• High-Energy Trauma: Car accidents or significant impacts.
• Birth Injuries: Though less common, clavicular fractures can occur during childbirth.

Recognizing the Symptoms

Symptoms of a clavicular fracture typically appear immediately after the injury. These can include:

• Pain: Intense pain at the site of the fracture, often radiating to the shoulder and neck.
• Deformity: A visible bump or tenting of the skin over the fracture site.
• Swelling and Bruising: Significant swelling and bruising around the collarbone.
• Limited Range of Motion: Difficulty moving the arm and shoulder.
• Grinding Sensation: A grating sound or sensation when attempting to move the arm.

Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation

A doctor will typically diagnose a clavicular fracture through a physical examination and imaging tests. X-rays are the primary method for confirming the fracture and determining its severity. In some cases, a CT scan may be used to provide more detailed images, especially if the fracture is complex. The medical professional will also assess nerve and blood vessel function in the area. You can find more information about fracture diagnosis at the [Mayo Clinic](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-collarbone/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354861).

Treatment Options for Clavicular Fractures

The treatment for a clavicular fracture depends on the severity and location of the break. Most clavicular fractures can be treated non-surgically. Non-surgical treatment typically involves:

• Sling: Wearing a sling to immobilize the arm and shoulder, allowing the fracture to heal.
• Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medication to manage pain.
• Physical Therapy: Exercises to restore range of motion and strength after the bone has healed.

Surgery may be necessary for:

• Open Fractures: Where the bone has broken through the skin.
• Significantly Displaced Fractures: Where the bone fragments are severely out of alignment.
• Neurovascular Compromise: If the fracture is pressing on nerves or blood vessels.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery from a clavicular fracture typically takes 6-8 weeks for adults, and faster for children. During this time, it’s crucial to follow your doctor’s instructions and attend physical therapy sessions. Gradually increasing activity levels is key to regaining full function. Complications are rare but can include nonunion (failure of the bone to heal), malunion (healing in a poor position), and nerve or blood vessel damage. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons provides excellent resources on fracture care: [AAOS – Clavicle Fractures](https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/clavicle-fractures/).