Merrie Monarch Festival: A Celebration of Hawaiian Culture

The Merrie Monarch Festival, held annually in Hilo, Hawaii, is more than just a hula competition; it’s a profound celebration of Hawaiian culture, history, and identity. Established in 1971 by Dorence Day, a local Hilo businessman, the festival was created to perpetuate the Hawaiian arts and culture at a time when they were facing decline. It’s named in honor of King David Kalākaua, known as the “Merrie Monarch” for his patronage of Hawaiian arts and his efforts to restore Hawaiian traditions during his reign (1874–1891).

The History and Significance of the Festival

In the years following the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893, Hawaiian culture was actively suppressed. Traditional practices like hula were often discouraged or even outlawed. King Kalākaua, however, actively championed these traditions, recognizing their importance to the Hawaiian people. The Merrie Monarch Festival directly honors his legacy and serves as a powerful symbol of cultural revival.

The festival’s origins were humble, starting as a one-day event. Over the years, it has grown into a week-long extravaganza attracting hālau (hula schools) from across Hawaii and around the world. It’s a fiercely competitive event, but more importantly, it’s a deeply spiritual and cultural experience.

What to Expect at the Merrie Monarch Festival

The festival features three main competitions:

• Miss Hawaii Scholarship Foundation Hula Competition: Solo hula dancers compete for scholarships and the title of Miss Hawaii.
• Group Hula Kahiko: Hālau perform ancient hula (kahiko) accompanied by traditional instruments. This is a powerful and moving display of ancestral storytelling.
• Group Hula ‘Auana: Hālau perform modern hula (‘auana), often accompanied by Western instruments. This style is more fluid and contemporary.

Beyond the competitions, the festival includes:

• Ho‘olaule‘a: A vibrant street festival with food, crafts, and music.
• Exhibits: Displays showcasing Hawaiian arts, crafts, and history.
• Workshops: Opportunities to learn about Hawaiian culture and traditions.

The Importance of Hula

Hula is far more than just a dance. It’s a complex art form that tells stories, preserves history, and connects people to their ancestors and the land. Every movement, every gesture, has meaning. The chants (oli) and songs (mele) that accompany the dance are also integral to the storytelling process. Hawaii History provides a detailed look into the historical significance of Hula.

Planning Your Visit

Tickets to the Merrie Monarch Festival are notoriously difficult to obtain. They are typically sold through a lottery system. Accommodation in Hilo also books up well in advance. If you’re unable to attend in person, the festival is often broadcast live on local television and streamed online. The official Merrie Monarch Festival website is the best resource for information on tickets, schedules, and accommodations.

The Merrie Monarch Festival: A Living Legacy

The Merrie Monarch Festival continues to be a vital force in preserving and promoting Hawaiian culture. It’s a testament to the resilience and spirit of the Hawaiian people and a powerful reminder of the importance of honoring our traditions. It’s an experience that will stay with you long after you leave the islands.