Is Presidents Day a Federal Holiday? A Deep Dive into its History and Modern Observance
Long before Presidents Day became synonymous with massive retail sales, it held a unique place in American history as the first official holiday dedicated to honoring a single individual. Originating in 1879 as a celebration of George Washington’s birthday, the holiday has evolved over time, expanding its scope and meaning.
A Shifting Meaning: Washington, Lincoln, and Beyond
The way Presidents Day is referenced varies significantly depending on the state and local traditions. You might encounter it referred to as honoring George Washington alone, Washington and Abraham Lincoln, the office of the presidency itself, or even all U.S. presidents. This diverse understanding influences how the holiday’s name is written.
While “Presidents Day” is the most common form, implying a celebration of the office or all presidents, “Presidents’ Day” is also accurate, signifying a day belonging to multiple presidents. If the focus remains solely on Washington’s birthday, “President’s Day” (possessive singular) is appropriate. Interestingly, in Colorado, the official state statute identifies the holiday as “the third Monday in February, commonly called Washington-Lincoln Day.”
When Did it Become a Federal Holiday?
Yes, Presidents Day has been a federal holiday in some form since 1879. However, it’s worth noting that the official designation in the United States Code (section 6103(a) of title 5) still refers to it as “Washington’s Birthday.”
The Date: From February 22nd to the Third Monday
Originally celebrated on George Washington’s actual birthday, February 22nd, the holiday was moved in 1971 to the third Monday of February. This change, part of the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, aimed to create more three-day weekends for federal employees. In 2024, Presidents Day falls on February 19th.
What’s Open and Closed on Presidents Day?
Here’s a breakdown of what you can expect regarding closures and operating hours:
- Federal & State Offices: Closed. Nonessential government offices, including courts and most agencies, will be shut down.
- Stock Markets & Banks: Closed. Financial institutions observe the holiday.
- Retailers, Grocery Stores & Pharmacies: Typically open, but may operate with reduced hours. It’s always best to check with individual stores.
- Schools: Most K-12 schools will be closed, but confirm with your local school district.
- U.S. Postal Service: Closed – no mail delivery.
- Shipping Services: UPS offers regular pickup and delivery services, while FedEx provides “modified service.” You can find more details on their respective websites: UPS and FedEx.
Beyond the Sales: Remembering the Legacy
While Presidents Day is often associated with sales and a day off, it’s a valuable opportunity to reflect on the leadership, challenges, and contributions of the individuals who have shaped the United States. Learn more about the history of the presidency at the White House Historical Association.
